Over the past two decades, mathematical fluid dynamics has seen remarkable progress in an unexpected direction: non-uniqueness of solutions to the fundamental PDEs of incompressible flow, namely, the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. I will explain the state-of-the-art in this direction, with a particular focus on the relationship between instability and non-uniqueness, including our proof with E. Brue and M. Colombo that Leray-Hopf solutions to the forced Navier-Stokes equations are not unique.