Fixons un corps de base k, algébriquement clos de caractéristique zéro. A tout groupe fini G, Serre associe le groupe des invariants à valeurs dans la cohomologie galoisienne à coefficients dans un groupe abélien donné A. La cohomologie de G à coefficients dans A s'envoie naturellement vers ces invariants. Cette flèche est-elle surjective? La réponse à cette question de Serre est oui en degré au plus 2, mais non en général en degré au moins 3 (avec A=Z/p, p premier). J'expliquerai comment cela se déduit de calculs récents de Burt […]
In this talk we will discuss questions concerning the qualitative and quantitative behavior of integral points on log K3 surfaces. After describing some examples we will consider the question of growth rate of integral points on log K3 surfaces. We will discuss an asymptotic formula produced by a circle method heuristic due to Tim Browning that was established for other types of varieties, such as toric varieties whose log anti-canonical class is big (Tschinkel, Takloo-Bighash, Chambert-Loir), but argue that it requires some modification in order to fit the case of […]
Quite recently Eliyahu Rips and Arye Juhasz constructed an Engel but not locally nilpotent group, i.e. group which satisfies for some positive $n$ the identity $underbrace{,y,dots,y]dots]}_n=e$.This group has non-postitive curvature and big commutative parts, some parts have small cancellation and some commute. - This group looks in some sense like a ring, and group multiplication behaves sometimes like multiplication and sometimes like addition. The theory of canonic forms of this group is applicable for rings, in particulary in skew field construction. In different sense some semigroup constructions can be transformed […]
Soit K un sous-corps de C, que l'on suppose de dimension finie sur Q. La norme N(x) d'un élément de K est définie comme le déterminant de la multiplication par x dans le Q-espace vectoriel K. On s'intéresse dans cet exposé au sous-groupe N(K*) du groupe multiplicatif Q*. On expliquera comment dans certaines situations on peut détecter si un élément de Q* appartient à N(K*). On verra aussi que le quotient Q*/N(K*) est toujours infini, mais que la preuve de ce résultat nécessite des outils sophistiqués aussi bien de théorie […]
Les problèmes de raisonnement inductif ou d'extrapolation comme deviner la suite d'une série de nombres, ou plus généralement, comprendre la structure cachée dans des observations, sont fondamentaux si l'on veutun jour construire une intelligence artificielle. On a parfois l'impression que ces problèmes ne sont pas mathématiquement bien définis. Or il existe une théorie mathématique rigoureuse du raisonnement inductif et de l'extrapolation, basée sur la théorie de l'information. Cettethéorie est très élégante, mais difficile à appliquer.En pratique aujourd'hui, ce sont les réseaux de neurones qui donnent les meilleurs résultats sur toute une série de problèmes concrets d'induction et […]
Call non-standard fewnomial (or sparse/lacunary polynomial) a non-standard polynomial whose number of non-zero terms is finite. The non-standard translation of a conjecture of Rényi and Erdöt
We consider profinite groups as 2-sorted first order structures, with a group sort, and a second sort which acts as an index set for a uniformly definable basis of neighbourhoods of the identity. It is shown that if the basis consists of all open subgroups, then the first order theory of such a structure is NIP (that is, does not have the independence property) precisely if the group has a normal subgroup of finite index which is a direct product of finitely many compact p-adic analytic groups, for distinct primes […]
In 1969, Sato and Hörmander introduced the notion of wave front set of a distribution in the real context. This concept gives a better understanding of operations on distributions such as product or pullback and it plays an important role in the theory of partial differential equations. In 1981, Howe introduced a notion of wave front set for some Lie group representations and in 1985, Heifetz gave an analogous version in the p-adic context. In this talk, in the t-adic context in characteristic zero, using Cluckers-Loeser motivic integration we will […]
We show that irreducibility of a polynomial in any number of variables over a number field is a diophantine condition, i.e. captured by an existential formula. This generalises a previous result by Colliot-Thélène and Van Geel that the set of non-nth-powers is diophantine for any n. Our method is heavily based on the Brauer group, originating from Poonen's use of quaternion algebras as a technical tool for first-order definitions in number fields.
Siegel proved the finiteness of the set of solutions to the unit equation in a number ring, i.e., for a number field K with ring of integers O, the equation x+y=1 has only finitely many solutions in O*. That is, reformulated in more algebro-geometric terms, the hyperbolic curve P^1-{0,1,infinite} has only finitely many 'integral points'. In 1983, Faltings proved the Mordell conjecture generalizing Siegel's theorem: a hyperbolic complex algebraic curve has only finitely many integral points. Inspired by Faltings's and Siegel's finiteness results, Lang and Vojta formulated a general finiteness […]